Peripheral Vestibular Dysfunction:
Study
Sample Characteristics
n =
Mean Age (years)
Mean Subjective Visual Vertical on involved side (degrees)
Measurement
Acuity/
Method
Friedmann, 1971
Labyrinthectomy due to Menieres Disease
n = 6
48.8
Range = 8.8 - 18
Within 1 week after surgery
Light bar
Labyrinthectomy due to cochleo-saccular dysfunction
n = 5
27.4
Range = 0.2 - 7.1◦
Within 1 week after surgery
Bohmer and Rickenmann, 1995
Acute vestibular neuronectomy
n = 10
Not reported
1.3 ± 5.8◦
Range = 4.8 - 21.4
2 weeks after surgery
Light bar
Chronic vestibular neurectomy
n = 8
1.2 ± 2◦
Range = 2.0 - 6.4
6 months - 20 years
Light bar
Vestibular neuritis
n = 20
6.8 ± 7.1◦
Range =
-0.2 - 33.0
Within 2 weeks after onset of symptoms
Light bar
BPPV
n = 19
0.2 ± 0.8◦
Range =
-1.2 - 2.4
9 days - 8 years after diagnosis (no treatment given)
Light bar
Kim et al 2008
Unilateral Hypofunction
n = 51
59.3
6.8 ± 4.3◦ (Binocular)
0 - 7 days, average = 3 days
Light Bar
Not reported
8 - 15 days, average = 11 days
Light Bar
Improved to < ± 2 in 20% of patients
27 - 57 days average = 47 days
Light Bar
Zwergal et al, 2009
Total n = 30
Vestibular neuritis n = 15
Unilateral brain infarctions
n = 12
Unilateral Neurectomy
n = 3
51.3 ± 17.1
Dome method = 8.9 ± 5.4
Bucket method: 8.3 ± 5.0
Not reported
Dome
Bucket
Faralli et al, 2011
Posterior canal BPPV
n = 30
Mean age = 52
R BPPV = 0.88 ± 0.50
L BPPV = -0.62 ± 0.47
Immediately before repositioning
50% of patients demonstrated reversal of SVV
Immediately after repositioning
R = 0.25 ± 0.78
L = 0.04 ± 0.66
1 week after repositioning
Cohen and Sangi-Haghpeykar 2012
Unilateral vestibular weakness
n = 25
58.3
Normal side: 1.9 ± 1.5
Abnormal side:2.3 ± 1.8
Normal + abnormal side: 2.1 ± 1.7
Mean length of diagnosis: 127 weeks
BPPV
n = 25
60.1
2.1 ± 1.5
Mean length of diagnosis: 34.8 weeks
Cervicogenic Headache:
Study
Sample Characteristics
n =
Mean Age (years)
Subjective Visual Vertical on involved side (degrees)
Measurement
Acuity/
Method
Dieterich et al, 1993:
cervicogenic headache
n = 14
42.8
11/12 WNL
(< 2.5◦)
1/12
Patient with 6th CN palsy demonstrated
-2.7 ◦ before, -4.7◦ after a C2-blockade
4.3 years
Dome
Central Vestibular:
Study
Population tested/ n =
Mean Age (years)
Mean Subjective Visual Vertical (degrees)
Measured
Dieterich and Brandt, 1992
Wallenberg syndrome (lateral medullary lesions) and
Mesodiancephalic lesions (Intersticial Nucleus of Cajal and rostral medial longitudinal fasciculus)
n = 36
54
NOTE: Normative values estimated from figure. **
Grade I: ~3±1◦
(N = 7) **
Grade II: ~7±3◦
(N = 10) **
Grade III: ~13±6◦
(N = 16) **
Grade IV: ~25±8◦
(N = 3) **
Range = 2.7-53.3◦(different monocular values, each eye)
Day 1- week 9 (mean = 11-19 days)
Dome
Dieterich and Brandt, 1993
Unilateral vascular brainstem lesion (acute)
n = 111
49
Mean tilt angle = 8.1 ± 5◦
Range = 2-26◦
Not reported (acute)
Dome
Zwergal et al, 2009
Total n= 30
Vestibular neuritis
n = 15
Unilateral brain infarctions
n = 12
Unilateral Neurectomy
n = 3
51.3 ± 17.1
Mean tilt angle = 8.9 ± 5.4◦
Mean tilt angle: 8.3 ± 5.0◦
Not reported
Dome
Bucket
Control Groups:
Study
n =
Mean Age (years)
Mean Subjective Visual Vertical (degrees)
Dieterich and Brandt, 1993
n = 110: 20 per decade 20-60+, 10 for decade 10-20
Range 11-60
10-20 yr: 0.1 ± 0.9◦
21-30 yr: 0.2 ± 0.7◦
31-40 yr: 1.2± 0.9◦
41-50 yr: 0.35 ± 1.1◦
51-60 yr: 0.1 ± 1.2◦
> 60 yr: -0.05 ± 1.2◦
Dome
Bohmer and Rickenmann, 1995
Control group
n = 25
Range 13-57
Mean: -0.1 ± 0.6◦
Range = -1.8- 1.0◦
Light bar
Zwergal et al, 2009
Healthy controls
n = 30
41.6 ± 16.4
Mean (Dome method): 1.1 ± 0.9◦
Mean (Bucket Method): 0.9± 0.7◦
Farella et al 2011
Control group
n = 20
Not reported
Mean = 0.1 ± 0.73◦
Cohen and Sangi-Haghpeykar, 2012
Controls
n = 50
49.5
Mean (total group) = 1.2 ±0.75◦
Range = 0–3.2◦
Mean (control <50 yrs) = 1.1 ± 0.7◦
Range = 0–3.0◦
Mean (control >50 yrs) = 1.2 ± 0.8◦Range = 0–3.2◦