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PSFS is a self-report measure that assess a patient's perception of spasticity frequency and severity following a spinal cord injury.
2
1 minutes
Adult
18 - 64
yearsElderly Adult
65 +
yearsInitially reviewed by the Rehabilitation Measures Team in 2011; Updated by the TBI EDGE task force and Christopher Newman, PT, MPT, NCS, Jennifer Kahn, PT, DPT, NCS and the SCI EDGE task force of the Neurology Section of the APTA in 2012.
Recommendations for use of the instrument from the Neurology Section of the American Physical Therapy Association’s Multiple Sclerosis Taskforce (MSEDGE), Parkinson’s Taskforce (PD EDGE), Spinal Cord Injury Taskforce (PD EDGE), Stroke Taskforce (StrokEDGE), Traumatic Brain Injury Taskforce (TBI EDGE), and Vestibular Taskforce (Vestibular EDGE) are listed below. These recommendations were developed by a panel of research and clinical experts using a modified Delphi process.
For detailed information about how recommendations were made, please visit: ANPT Outcome Measures Recommendations (EDGE)
Abbreviations:
HR
Highly Recommend
R
Recommend
LS / UR
Reasonable to use, but limited study in target group / Unable to Recommend
NR
Not Recommended
Recommendations for use based on acuity level of the patient:
Acute
(CVA < 2 months post)
(SCI < 3 month post)
(Vestibular < 6 weeks post)
Subacute
(CVA 2 to 6 months)
(SCI 3 to 6 months)
Chronic
(> 6 months)
SCI EDGE
LS
LS
LS
Recommendations based on SCI AIS Classification:
AIS A/B
AIS C/D
SCI EDGE
LS
LS
Recommendations for entry-level physical therapy education and use in research:
Students should learn to administer this tool? (Y/N)
Students should be exposed to tool? (Y/N)
Appropriate for use in intervention research studies? (Y/N)
Is additional research warranted for this tool (Y/N)
SCI EDGE
No
Yes
Yes
Not reported
Do you see an error or have a suggestion for this instrument summary? Please e-mail us!
Spasticity Across Diagnosis: (Guillaume et al 2005; n = 138; 30% Multiple Sclerosis, 26% Spinal Cord Injury, 24% Cerebral Palsy, 7% Traumatic Brain Injury, 13% other; mean age = 35.2 (18.8) years)
PSFS Mean (SD) scores at:
Chronic SCI: (Adams et al, 2007)
Chronic SCI: (Hornby et al, 2003; n = 12; mean age = 39.2 (range = 24 to 67) years; mean time since injury = 8.9 years; injury at the 8th thoracic spinal cord level or higher)
Mean Penn scores:
Chronic SCI: (Adams et al, 2007; n = 61)
*p < .001
Spasticity Outcomes Review: (Hsieh et al, 2008) & Chronic SCI: (Benz et al, 2005; n = 15, C5 to T20, n = 12 ASIA A, n = ASIA B, n = 2 ASIA C, n = 1 ASIA D; age range = 22-63 years)
Spearman Rank-Order Correlation of the SCATS, AS, and PSFS
AS Hip
AS Knee
AS Ankle
SCATS Clonus
SCATS Flexion
SCATS Extension
PSFS
.43
.43
.51
.59
.41
.40
Degree
Adequate
Adequate
Adequate
Adequate
Adequate
Adequate
* p < 0.05
Convenience Sample: (Priebe et al, 1996; n=85; sample of convenience, C3-T10 duration of injury 1 month - 25 years, all ASIA levels)
Guillaume, D., Van Havenbergh, A., et al. (2005). "A clinical study of intrathecal baclofen using a programmable pump for intractable spasticity." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 86(11): 2165-2171. Find it on PubMed
Hornby, T., Rymer, W., et al. (2003). "Windup of flexion reflexes in chronic human spinal cord injury: a marker for neuronal plateau potentials?" Journal of neurophysiology 89(1): 416. Find it on PubMed
Hsieh, J. T., Wolfe, D. L., et al. (2008). "Spasticity outcome measures in spinal cord injury: psychometric properties and clinical utility." Spinal Cord 46(2): 86-95. Find it on PubMed
Priebe, M. M., Sherwood, A. M., et al. (1996). "Clinical assessment of spasticity in spinal cord injury: a multidimensional problem." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 77(7): 713-716. Find it on PubMed
We have reviewed more than 500 instruments for use with a number of diagnoses including stroke, spinal cord injury and traumatic brain injury among several others.