Purpose
Evaluates anaerobic performance of youth who run or propel a wheelchair.
Link to Instrument
Area of Assessment
Bodily FunctionsMovement
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Evaluates anaerobic performance of youth who run or propel a wheelchair.
1
1-5 minutes
Erin Ulrich MS, LAT, ATC
Spastic Cerebral Palsy age 7-18 years: (Verschuren, Takken, Ketelaar, Gorter, & Helders, 2007; tested while running; Dutch sample)
GMFC level I: (n = 15; mean age = 11.6 (2.8) years)
GMFC level II: (n = 11; mean age = 10.9 (2.4) years)
Spastic Cerebral Palsy (GMFC level I-II) aged 7-18 years: (Verschuren et al., 2007)
Spastic Cerebral Palsy (GMFC level I-II) aged 7-18 years: (Verschuren, Bongers, Obeid, Ruyten, & Takken, 2013a; n = 20; mean age = 14.8 (2.0) years, subjects were from a special education school in an unidentified location; tested via running)
Spastic Cerebral Palsy (GMFC level I-II) age 7-18 years: (Verschuren et al., 2007)
Spastic Cerebral Palsy (GMFC-E&R level III-IV) age 7-18 years: (Verschuren, Zwinkels, Obeid, Kerkhof, Ketelaar, & Takken, 2013b; n = 23; tested via wheelchair self-propulsion)
Spastic Cerebral Palsy (GMFC level I-II) age 7-18 years: (Verschuren et al., 2007)
Concurrent
The Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) is considered the gold standard in anaerobic muscle testing.
Spastic Cerebral Palsy (GMFC level I-II) age 7-18 years: (Verschuren et al., 2013a)
Spastic Cerebral Palsy (GMFC level III-IV) (wheelchair users) age 7-18 years: (Verschuren et al., 2013b)
Discriminant
Spastic Cerebral Palsy (GMFC level I-II) age 7-18 years: (Verschuren et al., 2007)
Spastic Cerebral Palsy (GMFC level III-IV) (wheelchair users) aged 7-18 years: (Verschuren et al., 2013b)
Typically developing children aged 6-12: (Douma-van Riet, Veschuren, Jelsma, Kruitwagen, Smits-Engelsman, & Takken, 2012; n = 379; mean age = 8.9 (1.7) years; tested via running; Dutch sample)
Typically developing children aged 6-18: (Steenman, Veschuren, Rameckers, Douma-van Riet, & Takken, 2016; n = 683; mean age = 11.9 (3.8) years; tested via running; conducted in a rural area in the Netherlands)
Typically developing chidren aged 6-12: (Douma-van Riet et al., 2012)
Typically developing children aged 6-18: (Steenman et al., 2016)
Typically developing boys and girls aged 6-18:
Steenman et al., 2016 | Bongers et al., 2015 | |||
| Boys (n = 331) | Girls (n = 352) | Boys (n = 28) | Girls (n = 37) |
Mean age | 12.0 | 11.8 | 10.1 | 9.9 |
SD (range) | 3.8 (6.0-18.7) | 3.7 (6.0-18.8) | 2.9 (6.5-18.6) | 2.8 (6.2-17.1) |
Mean MP (W) | 389.1 | 295.8 | 214 | 178 |
SD (range) | 261.7 (57.17-1178.0) | 185.0 (48.4-785.8) | 131 (58-617) | 86 (35-372) |
Mean PP (W) | 441.4 | 337.9 | 248 | 208 |
SD (range) | 294.1 (64.5-1296.8) | 207.5 (58.9-838.0) | 151 (74-672) | 86 (35-372) |
Typically developing boys aged 6-12: (Douma-van Riet et al., 2012)
Typically developing girls aged 6-12: (Douma-van Riet et al., 2012)
Typically developing children aged 6-12: (Douma-van Riet et al., 2012)
Typically developing children aged 6-18: (Steenman et al., 2016)
Typically developing children aged 6-18: (Steenman et al., 2016)
Concurrent Validity
Typically developing children aged 6-18: (Bongers et al., 2015)
Convergent Validity
Typically developing children aged 6-18: (Bongers et al., 2015)
Spina Bifida aged 5-18: (Bloemen et al., 2016; n = 38; mean age = 13.6 (3.1) years; wheelchair users with the following lesion levels: thoracic (n = 7); lumbar (n = 41); sacral (n = 5))
Spina Bifida (wheelchair users) aged 5-18: (Bloemen et al., 2016)
Spina Bifida (wheelchair users) age 5-18 years: (Bloemen, 2016; n = 53; mean age = 13.6 (3.1) years; based on 4 sprints; see content validity section for further details)
Spina Bifida (wheelchair users) aged 5-18: (Bloemen et al., 2016)
Concurrent
Spina Bifida (wheelchair users) age 5-18 years: (Bloemen, 2016; n = 38; mean age = 13.6 (3.1) years)
Convergent Validity
Spina Bifida (wheelchair users) age 5-18 years: (Bloemen, 2016)
Spina Bifida (wheelchair users) aged 5-18 years: (Bloemen, 2016)
Bloemen, M. A., Takken, T., Backx, F. J., Vos, M., Kruitwagen, C. L., de Groot, J. F. (2017). Validity and reliability of skill-related fitness tests for wheelchair-using youth with spina bifida. Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 98(6), 1097-1103. Find on PubMed
Bongers, B. C., Werkman, M. S., Blokland, D., Eijsermans, M. J., Van der Torre, P., Bartels, B., Verschuren, O., & Takken, T. (2015). Validity of the pediatric running-based anaerobic sprint test to determine anaerobic performance in healthy children. Pediatric Exercise Science, 27(2), 268-276. Find on PubMed
Douma-van Riet, D., Verschuren, O., Jelsma, D., Kruitwagen, C., Smits-Engelsman, B., Takken, T. (2012). Reference values for the muscle power sprint test in 6- to 12-year-old children. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 24(4), 327-332. Find on PubMed
Steenman, K., Verschuren, O., Rameckers, E., Douma-van Riet, D., Takken, T. (2016). Extended reference values for the muscle power sprint test in 6- to 18-year-old children. Pediatric Physical Therapy 28(1), 78-84. Find on PubMed
Verschuren, O., Bongers, B. C., Obeid, J., Ruyten, T., Takken, T. (2013a). Validity of the muscle power sprint test in ambulatory youth with cerebral palsy. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 25(1), 25-28. Find on PubMed
Verschuren, O., & Takken, T. (2014). “The muscle power sprint test.” Journal of Physiotherapy 60(4), 239. Find on PubMed
Verschuren, O., Takken, T., Ketelaar, M., Gorter, J. W., Helders, P. J. (2007). “Reliability for running tests for measuring agility and anaerobic muscle power in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy.” Pediatric Physical Therapy, 19(2), 108-115. Find on PubMed
Verschuren, O., Zwinkels, M., Obeid, J., Kerkhof, N., Ketelaar, M., Takken, T. (2013b). Reliability and validity of short-term performance tests for wheelchair-using children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 55(12), 1129-1135. Find on PubMed
We have reviewed more than 500 instruments for use with a number of diagnoses including stroke, spinal cord injury and traumatic brain injury among several others.