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Swelling (edema) in the limbs is very common after a period of decreased activity. The swelling is fluid accumulating due to slowed circulation. Fluid builds up when legs hang down in a sitting position.
To prevent or manage swelling:
- Wear elastic stockings fit to legs or arms. These should be put on before getting up and before any swelling is present.
- Raise legs for periods of time during the day either by propping them up on a chair or using elevated foot rests on the wheelchair.
- Elevate arms both while in bed and out.
- Swelling can make shoes too tight and can cause a pressure sore. Wear shoes that are a half or full size larger than normal.
Contractures happen in elbow, shoulder, knee and hip joints. When limbs are not moved, the muscles and tendons can shorten, making the joint stiff. Contractures can be painful, limit the ability to accomplish daily activities and make being in bed uncomfortable. Contractures are easier to prevent than to treat once they occur.
Signs of contractures:
- Difficulty straightening or bending limbs all the way.
- Severe contractures will make it impossible to move the joints in the arm or leg.
Preventing contractures:
- Stretch joints at least once a day. Use range of motion exercises to make sure that all the muscles and tendons are stretched completely. Some people, especially those with spasms, need to exercise more often.
- Lying on the stomach (prone) helps. This stretches the knees and hips. In all other positions except standing, the knees and hips are bent or flexed.
- To best prevent and manage contractures, follow instructions from your doctor and/or therapist. Medicines, exercises, splinting and casting may all be helpful.
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This content is for informational purposes only and may not be comprehensive. Information contained does not imply an endorsement from Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, and does not replace the advice of a qualified healthcare professional. See here for further details. © Shirley Ryan AbilityLab (formerly Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago). Henry B. Betts LIFE Center – (312) 238-5433 – https://www.sralab.org/lifecenter
